We investigate the transition processes between the emitting (ON) and non-emitting (OFF) states of fluorescent molecules using a machine-learning approach. In fluorescently labeled DNA, continuous ...

Sparse early-stage data limits accurate geological risk assessment, increasing the chance of undetected hazards ahead of the TBM. By integrating borehole-derived information through an observation ...

The amino acid sequence of the transmembrane protein and its corresponding positions on the cell membrane are transformed into a hidden Markov process. After evaluating the parameters, the Viterbi ...

Graphical representations model complex networks by encoding entities as vertices and interactions as edges, with recurring subgraphs—or motifs—revealing fundamental organizational principles. We ...